So, in review, trout habitats need federal protection because they bear a large pollution burden, they mostly exist on private property, and they are indicators of other environmental health issues. His combined internal preview and summary would look something like this: The speaker below has just finished discussing several reasons trout habitats need federal protection, and next he will discuss some ways that audience members can agitate for government action on these issues. Additionally, summaries can be combined with internal previews to alert audience members that the next point builds on those that they have already heard. Summaries provide a recap of what has already been said, making it more likely that audiences will remember the points that they hear again. When speeches are longer than a few minutes and include complex ideas and information, speakers often include summaries within the body of their speech. If you were giving a problem-solution speech, you might include a variation of this internal preview: “Now that I have described the problems, let’s now discuss some ways that we can solve these issues.” The internal preview offers a natural segue from problems to solutions and makes audience members aware that another point is about to be made. In general, internal previews are longer than transitional statements. Internal previews are similar to the preview statements you will learn about in the chapter on introductions and conclusions ( Chapter 9), except that they appear within the body of your speech and are more small-scale than the broad preview you should provide at the beginning of your speech.
Because audience members cannot flip back and forth between pages, internal previews help keep them on track and aware of what to be listening for and what to remember. Internal previews, like the name implies, lay out what will occur during your speech. Pausing to look at your audience, stepping out from behind a podium, or even raising or lowering the rate of your voice can signal to audience members that you are transitioning.Īnother way to incorporate signposts into your speech is by offering internal previews within your speech. You might also incorporate non-verbal transitions, such as brief pauses or a movement across the stage. The textbox above offers a short list of transitional statements that are helpful when you need to show similarity or difference between the points. For instance, you might say “next,” “also,” or “moreover.” You can also enumerate your speech points and signal transitions by starting each point with “First,” “Second,” “Third,” et cetera. When moving from one point to another, your transition may just be a word or short phrase. They are used to alert audiences to the fact that you are getting ready to discuss something else.
Transitional statements are phrases or sentences that lead from one distinct- but-connected idea to another. One way to connect points is to include transitional statements. Transitional Statements to Show Similarity and Difference
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